The Signs And Symptoms Of Oral Cancer
Oral cancer develops through abnormal cell growth in the mouth, lips, tongue, or throat. Early detection is crucial, as it significantly increases treatment success rates. Individuals over the age of 45 are at higher risk, but anyone experiencing the following symptoms should consider an oral cancer screening:
- Discoloured patches in the mouth or on the lips, including white or dark red areas.
- Unusual lumps or changes in texture.
- Persistent canker sores, numb patches, or bleeding.
- Altered tongue sensation, changes in taste, or difficulty swallowing.
Risk Factors for Oral Cancer
- Smoking or using tobacco products such as cigarettes, cigars, or chewing tobacco.
- Heavy alcohol consumption, especially when combined with tobacco use.
- Possible human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of the mouth.
- Excessive sun exposure or a sun-centric lifestyle.
- Poor diet or eating habits.
- Family history of oral cancer.
- More prevalent in men than women.
- History of leukoplakia, which is a thick, whitish patch inside the mouth.
Prevention, Detection And Treatment Of Oral Cancer
The treatment approach for oral cancer is tailored to each individual, taking into account the cancer’s severity, type, and location.
Spotting Early Signs of Cancer
The goal of an oral cancer screening is to detect cancer or precancerous conditions at an early stage. During the examination, your dentist will check the inside of your mouth and under your tongue for red or white patches and any suspicious sores. They will also palpate the tissues in your mouth to detect lumps or unusual textures, and may examine the exterior of your throat and neck for abnormalities.
Diagnosis and Treatment
If signs of cancer are found during your oral screening, additional tests such as a biopsy (where a small sample of tissue is taken for lab analysis) or imaging procedures like X-rays, ultrasounds, CT scans, or MRIs may be recommended. Treatment for confirmed cancer may involve surgical removal, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy.
Prevention of oral cancer
You can take proactive steps to reduce the risk of oral cancer. Visit your dentist regularly for routine exams, avoid using tobacco products, and drink alcohol responsibly. Protect your lips from the sun by using UV-protective lip balms, maintain a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables, and include mouth checks in your daily brushing and flossing routine. If you notice any signs or symptoms, report them to your dentist promptly.
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Your consultation will include an examination of everything from your teeth, gums and soft tissues to the shape and condition of your bite. Generally, we want to see how your whole mouth looks and functions. Before we plan your treatment we want to know everything about the health and aesthetic of your smile, and most importantly, what you want to achieve so we can help you get there.
Frequently Asked Questions
If you have any of the risk factors associated with oral cancer, it is recommended to request an oral cancer screening during your routine dental examination. Additionally, if you notice any abnormal patches in your mouth, changes in texture, or lumps or sores, it is important to promptly schedule an appointment with your healthcare provider for thorough evaluation. Early detection through screenings greatly increases the chances of successful treatment and positive outcomes. Being proactive in addressing potential signs or symptoms is key to maintaining optimal oral health and well-being.
During your dental exam, your dentist will carefully examine various areas of your oral cavity, including your lips, cheeks, gums, and all surfaces of your tongue. They will also palpate these areas to detect any lumps or abnormal textures. The dentist may extend the examination to include your face, jaw, throat, and neck to check for any irregularities or tenderness. This thorough assessment aids in early detection and ensures a comprehensive evaluation of your oral health.
Begin by washing your hands thoroughly with warm, soapy water. Stand in front of a mirror and carefully examine the roof of your mouth, lips, tongue, and gums. Pull your top and bottom lips down to inspect the areas behind them. You can use gauze or a cotton pad to help grip your tongue and examine its sides and underside. Feel the inside of your mouth and gums with your fingers, checking for any changes in colour, lumps, bumps, or unusual textures. If you notice any sores that haven’t healed after two weeks, contact your dentist promptly.
In the early stages, mouth cancer may appear as small, flat patches that are typically painless. These patches can be red, white, grey, or yellow, often with red edges. They can appear anywhere in the mouth, including on the lips, gums, cheeks, tongue, or roof of the mouth. If you notice any unusual changes or sensations, it’s advisable to have them examined by your dentist or healthcare provider.
Risk factors include smoking, heavy alcohol use, HPV infection, excessive sun exposure, poor diet, family history, and a history of leukoplakia. Men are at higher risk than women. Regular screenings can help manage these risks.
Yes, early detection significantly improves the chances of successful treatment. Treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation. Regular screenings and prompt action are key to achieving positive outcomes.
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